# "EXTRAINCDIRS" is a variable used by the base makefile. MY_OWN_LIBRARY_DIR = /usr/home/MJ/Arduino/libraries/mj_midi # create a variable that only pertains to this project (It is also the name of my primary source file, without the file extension.) You can find my base makefile here.Įxample of a short (non-base) Makefile for a single project on my machine: # This is the name of the file that shall be created. I don't like to rebuild my makefile for each project, so I just have one base makefile on my machine, and each project has its own, very short makefile which calls include to include the base makefile. Therefore, it is a good idea to use a makefile. hex file that shall be programmed onto your Arduino (or AVR). Not only does your build process need to implement the several instructions described above, it needs to know how to make the. If you are using a standard Arduino (UNO), use the following: -I$(ARDCOREDIR)/././variants/standard Different Arduinos must have different pinout files, so identify which type you are using, and tell avr-gcc to include the directory containing the appropriate pinout file. The Arduino.h header file will include all of the other Arduino header files, including the pinout file, which holds definitions for the Arduino pins. Of course, you must also pass avr-gcc an include flag for the arduino headers: -I$(ARDCOREDIR)Īnd you must include the Ardhuino.h file in your actual project code: #include Observe that I omitted the file main.cpp because the Arduino main.cpp file defines main(), and I wish to define it myself in my own project files. In my makefile, I handled this operation as follows: # CPP_SOURCE_FILES is a previously-defined variable, holding my project's source filesĬPP_SOURCE_FILES += $(filter-out $(ARDCOREDIR)/main.cpp, $(wildcard $(ARDCOREDIR)/*.cpp)) (I will link to mine and explain it below.) Sudar gave good advice, advocating the use of a Makefile for AVRs which is configured to include the Arduino function definitions. ARDCOREDIR = /hardware/arduino/cores/arduino You need all the source files from the Arduino core. For your Arduino, you need to tell avr-gcc to compile and link the Arduino *.cpp files. When the linker can't find a definition for a function, that definition is typically to be found in a lib file (e.g *.so or *.dll) or in a source file (e.g. The message undefined reference to 'xxxxxxxxx' means that the linker can't find the actual definition (not just declaration) for the function in question. How to get the definitions for undefined reference So what is the exact header file that needs to be included to make sure I can use the same functions? Or is there something else I missed? To compile this code: #include "Arduino.h"īut none of the functions seem to be identified when I try to compile (saying undefined reference to 'xxxxxxxxx'). dep/ testarduino.o -output testarduino.elf -Wl,-Map=testarduino.map,-cref -lm gdwarf-2 -DF_CPU=16000000UL -Os -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wa,-adhlns=testarduino.o -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants/standard -std=gnu99 -MMD -MP -MF. I used this for compiling (using a makefile to do this) avr-gcc -mmcu=atmega328p -I. So I tried to find the header file with all the functions defined ie "Arduino.h" in /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino. However, I would very much like to have access to the same functions as in Arduino (like Serial, digitalWrite, etc.) while programming using a simple text editor and command line tools. The alternative is to code my Arduino Uno using the AVR-GCC/g++ and AVRDude toolchain. And it also becomes excruciatingly slow and stops communicating with the chip sometimes. Though the Arduino IDE is great and all, however it doesn't give me much inputs if something goes wrong. I have an Arduino Uno and a Linux environment.
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